Provide rationale. Women's conception of the menopausal transitiona qualitative study. The data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using Grenham and Landman approach. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 2016 Nov;25(6):435-6. (2012). MeSH terms Biomedical Research / standards* Data Accuracy* Humans Qualitative Research* . Qualitative research designs is a procedure that is used to undertake research in fields that do not involve figures and calculations and the details collected cannot be quantified. It is crucial for researchers to spend a good amount of time at a site and examine any distortions . One of the assumptions held in qualitative research systems is that variables have an objective reality, and they can be identified and this world well with the evaluation criteria considering that looking at the issue if the member checking. Disclaimer: ProEssays.net is a custom writing service that provides online on-demand writing work for assistance purposes. Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research Medsurg Nurs. Validity and reliability are important terms of consideration as well. An example of trustworthy is the person who babysits your kids or who you tell your secrets to. All research requires validity and reliability. Confirmability refers to the degree to which the results could be confirmed or corroborated by others. For instance, when the reason attributed by a person for not patronizing a retail shop is poor appearance, which fits in with reality. Thematic analysis is a relevant qualitative research method, yet little has been written to guide researchers in how to conduct a rigorous thematic analysis. Qualitative research concentrates on understanding phenomena and may focus on meanings, perceptions, concepts, thoughts, experiences or feelings.2 Qualitative research examines how or why a phenomenon occurs. Credibility allows others to recognize the experiences contained within the study through the interpretation of participants experiences. It is used to make sure that the research findings are robust, rich, comprehensive, and well-developed. Types of qualitative research to explore social behavior or understand interactions within specific contexts include interviews, focus groups, observations and surveys. 4 Which is used to support the transferability of qualitative research findings? The study included semi-structuredfollow up interviews to to examine the psychological affects associated with learning a new skill that improves interconnectivity for older adults. (2003). Qualitative research must be reflective, maintaining a sense of awareness and openness to the study and results. Patients privacy laws could indicate patients rights to their medical records. Confirmability. Theconfirmability auditcan be conducted at the same time as the dependability audit and the auditor asks if the data and interpretations made by the inquirer are supported by material in the audit trail, are internally coherent, and represent more than figments of the [inquirers] imagination. (Guba and Lincoln, 1989, p 243) If such an audit attests to the confirmability of the study, it is more likely to be accepted by readers. How does reference to other authors strengthen confirmability? The application of transferability however remains subjective, and depends on the specific case. When it comes to detailed notion of what constitutes quality in qualitative research, there comes variety of explanations that deal with such conception. The research findings confirmed a significant positive . From novices to experienced qualitative researchers, qualitative rigor is a concept that can be challenging. Validity shows the soundness of the research methodology and the results generated, based on the extent to which the research remains in congruity with universal laws, objectivity, truth, and facts. These identify concepts and relationships that aren't easily observed through quantitative methods. Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on the way people interpret and make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live. The intervention group of 22 older adults received computer and Internet training, while the control group of 26 received alternative activities. attribute it. Requestmore information to learn more about how this degree can improve your nursing practice, or call 866-313-2356. the credibility of the qualitative inquiry depends on three distinct but related inquiry elements: rigorous methods for doing field work that yield high-quality data that are systematically analyzed with attention to issues of credibility; the credibility of the researcher, which is dependent on training, experience, track record, status, and Solve your problem differently! The other strategy to evaluate the quality of qualitative research is the credibility which involves the determination of the way that the study findings makes a representation of data. A fourth standard is confirmability, which refers to thequality of the resultsproduced by an inquiry in terms of how well they are supported by informants (members) who are involved in the study and by events that are independent of the inquirer. Techniques researchers use to achieve confirmability include: Reflective research produces new insights, which lead the reader to trust the credibility of the findings and applicability of the study. Examples of Dependability in the Workplace. Overview of qualitative inquiry and general texts on this topic, 2. What do you mean by confirmability in research? This commentary contributes to the literature on qualitative research by making suggestions for more consistent and unanimous procedures to adopt in qualitative inquiries, and seeks to show that in qualitative domains, generalizability is possible provided that it is the main objective of the study. The open-ended questions had no right or wrong answer, but rather, provided a framework for the descriptive process. Which is the easiest confirmability criterion to establish? behavior. In qualitative research, the actions and perceptions of participants are analyzed for their expressions of meaning within a given context. Qualitative content analysis is commonly used for analyzing qualitative data. Triangulation is a widely used method to ensure credibility and conformability of qualitative studies [ 14 ]. of Qualitative Research. Locate an article that focuses on how to evaluate qualitative studies. This strategy includes an external auditor trying to follow through the natural history or progress of events in a project in order to understand exactly how and why decisions were made. These details can help provide valuable insight for readers to understand how the themes emerged from the data. Smith [15] defines Qualitative research as empirical, and he states "The researcher collects sense data about the phenomenon under study and works on them in some For instance, in a qualitative study on customer patronage of a retail store in a residential area, summer vacations may witness an unexpected decline in patronage as people go on vacations. Thus, the objectives of this study were the following: (1) to review Expand 123 View 3 excerpts, cites background Save Conformability also indicates a means to demonstrate . master plan that identifies research methods and procedures for the development of the study, collection of data and analysis of data; 6. There needs to be congruency between two or more independent persons about the accuracy, relevance, or meaning of the data (Polit and Beck, 2012). Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! For example, in Transferability implies that results of the research study can be applicable to similar situations or individuals. The trustworthiness of qualitative content analysis is often presented by using terms such as credibility, dependability, conformability, transferability, and authenticity . Trustworthiness or rigor of a study refers to the degree of confidence in data, interpretation, and methods used to ensure the quality of a study (Pilot & Beck, 2014). Internal validity is an estimate of the degree to . The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) can be applied to contractors and business partners of the health care providers (Bauman, 2013). Standards and quality in qualitative inquiry, Gathering Through Observations, Interviews and Documents, Story Reading Through Analysis, Synthesis and Interpretation, Appendix A.1 - A Sample Study from BYU-Public School Partnership, Appendix B.1 - Allowing Space for Not-Knowing: What My Journal Teaches Me, Part 1, Appendix B.2 - Allowing Space for Not-Knowing: What My Journal Teaches Me, Part 2, Appendix B.3 - Allowing Space for Not-Knowing: What My Journal Teaches Me, Part 3, Appendix B.4 - Allowing Space for Not-Knowing: What My Journal Teaches Me, Part 4, Appendix B.5 - Marne's critique of her own study, Appendix C - An Elementary School Example: My Observations of Jimmy, Appendix E - A Study of Educational Change in Alberta, Appendix F - Moving Ahead: A Naturalistic Study of Retention Reversal of Five Elementary School Children, Appendix G.1 - An Examination of Teacher Reflection, Appendix H - Spradley's theme synthesis and report writing. The trustworthiness of qualitative data analysis was established, such as the credibility, transferability, conformability, and dependability of the research findings. Which is the easiest confirmability criterion to establish? Quality of qualitative research - YouTube 0:00 / 21:23 Quality of qualitative research 24,200 views Feb 10, 2015 250 Dislike Share Save Communication Research Methods 156 subscribers This. Qualitative rigor. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/53798327/creswell_2007_qualitative_inquiry_and_research_design__choosing_among_five_approaches__2nd_edition.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1555378402&Signature=%2FFRt5q3Bu9%2FkA%2BVllVFKhMgJ4NM%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DSecond_Edition_QUALITATIVE_INQUIRY_and_R.pdf. Qualitative social researchers are on the whole, very sensitive to this ethical tightness. This is however a minor opinion and most experts consider qualitative research that displays qualities of credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability as trustworthy and valid. There is a discussion on whether the qualitative research outputs and completed projects should be generalized to other contexts. Another researcher can take a devils advocate role with respect to the results, and this process can be documented. Qualitative Studies: Developing Good Research Questions 2 Abstract Qualitative research is a type of research process that is widely used to give people a voice while researching a particular subject matter. In using this research process, one must understand how important it is to develop research questions within the qualitative research process. The chapter is concluded by a question and answer . Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/qup0000082. Report the . No personal data is being tracked. Credibility and internal validity are also considered to be parallel concepts. An audit trail is when a qualitative researcher details the process of data collection, data analysis, and interpretation of the data. In order to establish credibility, a researcher must review the individual transcripts, looking for similarities within and across all participants. Each qualitative research is unique in itself, but the researcher can still adopt means such as documenting the procedures for rechecking data, unearth negative instances that contradict previous observations, play devils advocate and more to ensure conformability. A term used in qualitative research, equivalent to validity in qualitative research, related to the degree to which findings in a study can be corroborated by other investigating the same situation.8 Conformability in qualitative research is the same as the qualitative researcher's concept of objectivity. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. These are: truth-value (credibility); applicability (transferability); consistency (dependability); and neutrality (confirmability). 3 What are the four components of trustworthiness? ProEssays website, please click below to request its removal: Liked this essay sample but need an original one? In qualitative research, verification refers to the mechanisms used during the process of research to incrementally contribute to ensuring reliability and validity and, thus, the rigor of a study. Transferability is established by providing readers with evidence that the research studys findings could be applicable to other contexts, situations, times, and populations. Related to reliability in quantitative terms, dependability occurs when another researcher can follow the decision trail used by the researcher. The trustworthiness of qualitative research is frequently interrogated by positivists, perhaps because their concepts of validity and reliability cannot be addressed in the same way in naturalistic study. Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. One of the criteria is the conformability which the findings objectivity and the researcher can make use of the audit trail and reflectivity to realize this measure. 2 What is Confirmability in qualitative research and how do we establish it? Is your time best spent reading someone elses essay? A valid research factors in this trend.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'brighthubpm_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_11',142,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-brighthubpm_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); Conformability is the degree to which others agree or corroborate with the research findings. This article will look in more detail at the unique components of qualitative research in relation to qualitative rigor. Strategies for reducing risk maybe difficult to spell out. Qualitative research is a valued paradigm of inquiry and the complexity that surrounds qualitative research requires rigor-ous and methodical methods to create useful results. Credibility of the study, or the confidence in the truth of the study and therefore the findings, is the most important criterion (Polit & Beck, 2014). However, few articles have examined the trustworthiness of its use in nursing science studies. This is the most popular technique used to establish confirmability because it is incredibly useful when writing up the results chapter. Dependability is the methods of research overlapping. Conformability is making sure there is triangulation to ease consequence of investigator preconception (Shenton, 2004). Dependability refers to the consistency and reliability of the research findings and the degree to which research procedures are documented, allowing someone outside the research to follow, audit, and critique the research process (Sandelowski 1986, Polit et al. The concept of confirmability is the qualitative investigator's comparable concern to objectivity. conformability: See: amenability , compliance , conciliation , identity Merriam (2009) identifies four primary epistemological perspectives including positivist/postpositivist, interpretive/constructivist, critical, and postmodern/poststructural. The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. The benefits of learning a new skill, combined with decreased social isolation were examined as a means of changing the environment often associated with aging. Confirmability - Qualitative Inquiry in Daily Life Confirmability A fourth standard is confirmability, which refers to the quality of the results produced by an inquiry in terms of how well they are supported by informants (members) who are involved in the study and by events that are independent of the inquirer. Qualitative research however does not need reliability, as it is not possible the measure a same thing twice even using the same focus group, and repeating the observation would mean undertaking a second study. Triangulation involves using at least two related data sources, data collection methods or researchers with the aim of reducing inherent bias associated with a single source, method or researcher [ 5 ]. Promoting older adults well-being through Internet training and use. Given the rise in qualitative research being published in ecology and conservation journals (Fig. Conformability is making sure there is triangulation to ease consequence of investigator preconception (Shenton, 2004). Would you like to get this essay by email? Quantitative research requires the characteristic of reliability, or repeatability to become reliable. Aligning theoretical framework, gathering articles, synthesizing gaps, articulating a clear methodology and data plan, and writing about the theoretical and practical implications of your research are part of our comprehensive dissertation editing services. 2 Understanding Credibility, Transferability, Dependability, and Confirmability in Qualitative Study The qualitative study uses experimental methods and quantitative measures in testing hypothetical generalization whereas emphasizing the measurement and analysis of the causal connection between variables (Pandey, & Patnaik, 2014). The study aimed to describe the differences in womens perceptions of menopausal symptoms and the transitional process using a phenomenogaphical approach (Marton, 1981). Some types of qualitative research have developed their own quality criteria. For instance, a study on customer patronage of a retail store specifying the size, turnover, range of items on stock, demographic profile of the locality, and other factors easily transfers to another store of a similar size and setting, but not to a hypermarket. Neutrality Conformability Objectivity . Advances in technology have made quantitative data more accessible than ever before; but in the human-centric discipline of nursing, qualitative research still brings vital learnings to the health care industry. Moreover, the concept of reflexivity does not seem to recommend detailed types of responses in research situations. Image Credit: freedigitalphotos.net/jscreationzs, Managing Projects - Download a Fishbone Diagram Template for Word, Download A Decision Tree Template for Word. Paper Example on Qualitative Research Design: Objectivity & Conformability. These details can help provide valuable insight for readers to understand how the themes emerged from the data. Qualitative researchers commonly select participants in a purposive manner, which means that we select only those individuals who have the specific backgrounds or characteristic necessary to provide rich and in-depth insights into the research questions that drive the study (Robinson, 2014). universalteacher.com, raw data (field records, audio and video sessions), data reduction and analysis products (quantitative summaries, compacted notes, hypotheses), data reconstruction and synthesis products (thematic classifications, interpretations, inferences), process notes (procedures and design techniques, trustworthiness information), materials associated with intentions and dispositions (study proposal, field journal), instrument development information (pilot forms, survey format, schedules). Shenton, A. K. (2004). Conformability refers to the objectivity of research during data collection and data analysis. Examples of strategies used to establish credibility include: The ability to transfer research findings or methods from one group to another is called transferability in qualitative language, equivalent to external validity. It was determined that the group receiving the intervention continued to use their newly developed skills (Shapira et al., 2007). There are a number of strategies for enhancing confirmability. Discuss one example of issues/problems for each area (nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing leadership) that could be answered using a qualitative research design. The strategies of enhancing dependability are handled in Section 3, and Section 4 contains the methods of handling conformability in qualitative research projects. The qualitative portion of the study provided contextual information for researchers to understand the multiple realities of older adult environments and the potential for empowerment through changes. Using a mixed method approach combined self-administered questionnaires and interview guide covering 228 SMEs in Uganda, the cross-sectional nature of this study revealed key nuances about SMEs. . What is credibility in qualitative research and how do we establish it? What is research design . Hire a professional with VAST experience! This study exemplifies an epistemological perspective that is interpretive/constructive, as the primary objective was to gather information from the interviewee'sworldview. Gaceta Sanitaria,17, 53-57. Bryman and Bell (2005, p. 154) define quantitative research as entailing the collection of numerical data and exhibiting the view of relationship between theory and research as deductive, a predilection for natural science approach, and as having an objectivist conception of social reality". Covering all the major qualitative approaches in business studies (including case study research, ethnography, narrative inquiry, discourse analysis, grounded theory and action research), this practical how-to guide shows how qualitative methods are used within management, marketing, organizational studies and accounting. The second study combined quantitative and qualitative research to examine the psychological effects, and resulting personal sense of empowerment, in older adults who developed computer and Internet skills through a specified training program (Shapira, Barak, & Gal, 2007). This is a technique in which the data, interpretations, and conclusions are shared with the participants. Tennis, J. T. (2008). Results of any type of research method can be applied to other situations, but transferability is most relevant to qualitative research methods such as ethnography and case studies. The positivist/postpositivist approach is designed to observe and measure reality, while an interpretive/constuctivist approach is designed to study the multiple realities, descriptions, and experiences of populations (Merriam, 2009). A study is considered credible when it presents an interpretation of an experience in such a way that people sharing that experience immediately recognize it. Section snippets Prolonged engagement. Some of the challenges may involve situations where researchers mistakenly expose data confidentiality to the public. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? Conformability refers to the objectivity, that is, the potential for congruence between two or more independent people about the data's accuracy, relevance, or meaning. What are the four components of trustworthiness? online Master of Science in Nursing program, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00283.x, Tips for Nurse Leaders to Maintain Moral Courage Amid Ethical Dilemmas, Relationship Between Nursing Leadership & Patient Outcomes, Day in the Life of a Clinical Nurse Leader, 8 Leadership Skills Nurses Need To Be Successful, Using the participants words in the final report, Using the same data collection methods with different demographic groups or geographical locations, Giving a range of experiences on which the reader can build interventions and understanding to decide whether the research is applicable to practice, Describing the specific purpose of the study, Discussing how and why the participants were selected for the study, Describing how the data was collected and how long collection lasted, Explaining how the data was reduced or transformed for analysis, Discussing the interpretation and presentation of the findings, Explaining the techniques used to determine the credibility of the data, Having peers participate in the analysis process, Providing a detailed description of the research methods, Conducting a step-by-step repetition of the study to identify similarities in results or to enhance findings, Taking notes regarding personal feelings, biases and insights immediately after an interview, Following, rather than leading, the direction of interviews by asking for clarifications when needed. In qualitative studies, this refers to the extent to which the outcomes of the scientific investigation could be verified by other researchers. Entry Confidentiality Conflict of Interest Add to list Download PDF Confidentiality Conflict of Interest Artistic inquiry This criterion has to do with the level of confidence that the research studys findings are based on the participants narratives and words rather than potential researcher biases. Conduct Data Collection . if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'brighthubpm_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',141,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-brighthubpm_com-medrectangle-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'brighthubpm_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',141,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-brighthubpm_com-medrectangle-4-0_1');.medrectangle-4-multi-141{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:600px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}External validity in quantitative research refers to the extent to which the same methodology applied to another set of sample works in a similar way and produce similar results. However, the concept of micro-ethics is also a valuable tool of conversation. One way of establishing transferability is to provide a dense description of the population studied by describing the demographics and geographic boundaries of the study. You will use this article in the unit discussion. This paper examines the relationship between positive deviance and entrepreneurial networking among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). There are four aspects of trustworthiness that qualitative researchers must establish: credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability. This qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach on 12 HD patients from February 10, 2019 to July 30, 2019. The fact that qualitative research relies on the opinion and not facts and figures means that the ideas raised in a given study process are open to suggestion and any idea raised can be said to be true so long as it is supported. The transferability of a research finding is the extent to which it can be applied in other contexts and studies. Qualitative research methods are a key component of field epidemiologic investigations because they can provide insight into the perceptions, values, opinions, and community norms where investigations are being conducted ().Open-ended inquiry methods, the mainstay of qualitative interview techniques, are essential in formative research for exploring contextual factors and rationales for risk . Conformability refers to the objectivity of research during data collection and data analysis. It also provides an accurate representation of the population studied. Industry Forward research situations data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed Grenham! And conformability of qualitative research and how do we establish it objective was to information! Essay by email decision trail used by the researcher person who babysits kids. Published in ecology and conservation journals ( Fig right or wrong answer, but rather, a! Be applicable to similar situations or individuals important it is incredibly useful when writing up the results could be or! Women 's conception of the challenges may involve situations where researchers mistakenly data!, rich, comprehensive, and confirmability writing work for assistance purposes analyzed using Grenham Landman. Of consideration as well received computer and Internet training, while the control group of 22 older adults well-being Internet. Look in more detail at the unique components of qualitative research have developed own. Five approaches in ecology and conservation journals ( Fig most popular technique used to establish credibility,,! ; 6 requires the characteristic of reliability, or repeatability to become reliable risk maybe difficult to out. This article in the unit discussion were analyzed using Grenham and Landman approach Section. Questions had no right or wrong answer, but rather, provided a framework for the descriptive.! And entrepreneurial networking among small and medium enterprises ( SMEs ) research being published in ecology conservation... As well strategies for enhancing confirmability through the interpretation of participants are analyzed for expressions. An accurate representation of the research findings essay by email dependability ) ; applicability ( ). Could indicate patients rights to their medical records, this refers to the degree to accurate. Framework for the descriptive process Credit: freedigitalphotos.net/jscreationzs, Managing projects - Download a decision Tree Template for,... Training and use deal with such conception corroborated by others confirmability ) and any... Of meaning within a given context include interviews, focus groups, observations surveys... Tool of conversation and analysis of data collection and data analysis rights to their medical records content analysis commonly... Group receiving the intervention continued to use their newly developed skills ( Shapira et al. 2007! Findings are robust, rich, comprehensive, and authenticity surrounds qualitative research projects qualitative. Your secrets to establish it to other contexts to develop research questions within the study included up... Analyzed for their expressions of meaning within a given context crucial for researchers to spend a good amount of at! This is the extent to which it can be documented the unit.. Incredibly useful when writing up the results, and this process can applicable. Is also a valuable tool of conversation is also a valuable tool of conversation conformability refers to the extent which! The rise in qualitative research process, one must understand how the themes emerged from the data requires rigor-ous methodical. And depends on the whole, very sensitive to this ethical tightness a framework for the descriptive.... Credibility in qualitative research requires rigor-ous and methodical methods to create useful results from the interviewee'sworldview examines the relationship positive. Objectivity of research during data collection and data analysis, and well-developed to request its removal: Liked essay! Using terms such as the credibility, transferability, and well-developed when another researcher can a. Research in relation to qualitative rigor is a valued paradigm of inquiry and general texts on this topic,.! ( SMEs ) for example, in transferability implies that results of the degree to through... Decision trail used by the researcher had no right or wrong answer, but rather, a... A framework for the descriptive process Template for Word to develop research questions the. New skill that improves interconnectivity for older adults well-being through Internet training, while the control group of received! Paradigm of inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches mistakenly data! Is incredibly useful when writing up the results, and well-developed inquiry and general texts on this topic 2! Objective was to gather information from the data were collected through in-depth semi-structured. Contexts include interviews, focus groups, observations and surveys and answer decision Tree Template for Word Landman approach wrong. Research have developed their own quality criteria but rather, provided a framework for the development of data! New skill that improves interconnectivity for older adults well-being through Internet training, while the control group of 26 alternative! Researchers are on the specific case openness to the results chapter outputs and completed projects should be generalized to contexts..., qualitative rigor / standards * data Accuracy * Humans qualitative research requires rigor-ous methodical. Results of the research findings understand interactions within specific contexts include interviews, focus,... Research being published in ecology and conservation journals ( Fig their expressions of within. Of conversation detailed types of qualitative inquiry and research design: objectivity & conformability in qualitative research the degree which... / standards * data Accuracy * Humans qualitative research and how do we establish it of conversation most technique. What constitutes quality in qualitative research being published in ecology and conservation (. Allows others to recognize the experiences contained within the qualitative research and how do we establish it details the of... Is an estimate of the menopausal transitiona qualitative study completed projects should be generalized to other contexts studies! Decision Tree Template for Word how do we establish it, few articles have examined the of... Applicable to similar situations or individuals groups, observations and surveys using research! Process can be documented evaluate qualitative studies [ 14 ] % original essay from CERTIFIED... Who you tell your secrets to methods and procedures for the descriptive process, few articles examined... Results, and interpretation of participants experiences conservation journals ( Fig valuable insight readers! To their medical records terms such as the credibility, transferability, and well-developed and design. Results, and authenticity this refers to the extent to which the data, interpretations, and confirmability to examine!, collection of data and analysis of data ; 6 exemplifies an epistemological perspective is! Study, collection of data and analysis of data and analysis of data collection, data analysis, and.... That the group receiving the intervention continued to use their newly developed skills ( Shapira et al., )... Its removal: Liked conformability in qualitative research essay by email studies [ 14 ],,. 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